Do politics and administration affect innovation performance? A comparative analysis / ¿La política y la administración afectan el desempeño de la innovación? Un análisis comparativo / A política e a administração afetam o desempenho da inovação? Uma análise comparativa

Abstract The paper's primary goal is to analyze the effects of politics and administrative capacity on countries' innovative performance. The inquiry comparatively examines possible correlations between democracy, political competition, income inequality, bureaucratic capacity, and corruption/transparency with countries' innovation results. The dependent variables are three performance indicators of the Global Innovation Indexes (GII). After presenting the theory and the descriptive data analysis on the research variables, the paper runs multivariate regression models to test the hypotheses. The empirical analysis reinforced that political and administrative dimensions are relevant to understanding the national innovation systems' achievements. However, democracy, bureaucracy quality and corruption/transparency are not influential factors in countries' innovative results as the normative assumptions would suppose. On the contrary, political competition and inequality considerably impact how economies innovate. In conclusion, the paper brought original and intriguing findings that put in perspective the claim that there is a unique path or rule of thumb for innovation growth. Consequently, the inferences provide insights to scholars and stakeholders, public and private, to improve the debates and decisions regarding the priorities for government actions in times of evidence-based policymaking.

Resumen El objetivo principal del documento es analizar los efectos de la política y la capacidad administrativa en el desempeño innovador de los países. La investigación examina comparativamente las posibles correlaciones entre democracia, competencia política, desigualdad de ingresos, capacidad burocrática y corrupción/transparencia con los resultados de innovación de los países. Las variables dependientes son tres indicadores de desempeño de los Índices Globales de Innovación (GII). Después de presentar la teoría y el análisis descriptivo de los datos sobre las variables de investigación, el documento ejecuta modelos de regresión multivariados para probar las hipótesis. El análisis empírico reforzó que las dimensiones política y administrativa son relevantes para comprender los logros de los sistemas nacionales de innovación. Sin embargo, la democracia, la calidad de la burocracia y la corrupción/transparencia no son factores influyentes en los resultados innovadores de los países como lo supondrían los supuestos normativos. Por el contrario, la competencia política y la desigualdad afectan considerablemente la forma en que las economías están innovando. En conclusión, el documento presentó hallazgos originales e interesantes que pusieron en perspectiva la afirmación de que existe un camino único o regla general para el crecimiento de la innovación. En consecuencia, las inferencias brindan información a académicos y partes interesadas, públicas y privadas, para mejorar los debates y las decisiones sobre las prioridades de las acciones gubernamentales en tiempos de formulación de políticas basadas en evidencia.

Resumo O objetivo principal do artigo é analisar os efeitos da política e da capacidade administrativa sobre o desempenho inovador dos países. A pesquisa examina comparativamente possíveis correlações entre democracia, competição política, desigualdade de renda, capacidade burocrática e corrupção/transparência com os resultados de inovação dos países. As variáveis dependentes são três indicadores de desempenho dos Índices de Inovação Global (GII). Após apresentar a teoria e a análise descritiva dos dados das variáveis da pesquisa, o trabalho emprega modelos de regressão multivariada para testar as hipóteses. A análise empírica reforçou que as dimensões política e administrativa são relevantes para entender as realizações dos sistemas nacionais de inovação. No entanto, democracia, qualidade da burocracia e corrupção/transparência não são fatores influentes nas performances inovadoras dos países como supõem os pressupostos normativos. Por outro lado, a competição política e a desigualdade impactam consideravelmente a forma como as economias estão inovando. Em conclusão, o artigo trouxe descobertas originais e interessantes que colocam em perspectiva a afirmação de que existe um caminho único ou regra geral para o crescimento da inovação. Consequentemente, as inferências fornecem subsídios para acadêmicos e atores envolvidos, públicos e privados, para melhorar os debates e decisões sobre as prioridades das ações governamentais em tempos de formulação de políticas baseadas em evidências.

Occupational stress, anxiety, and depression among grassroots disease control and prevention staff in Hebei Province: A qualitative comparative analysis based on fuzzy sets / 环境与职业医学

Background Grassroots center for disease control and prevention (CDC) staff undertake intensive work of disease prevention and control, and may be susceptible to occupational stress, anxiety, depression, and other health problems. Objective To understand the current situation of occupational stress, anxiety, and depression among grassroots CDC staff, and to identify potential risk factor configurations for occupational stress, anxiety, and depression using fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA), so as to provide a basis for effective intervention. Methods The staff working in county/district-level CDCs in Hebei Province were the target population of the current study. Stratified random cluster sampling method was used to select 1860 staff members of the target population. A questionnaire of general situation, Job Content Scale, 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale, and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 were used. Risk factor configurations associated with health outcomes of interest were identified by fsQCA3.0 software. Results The positive rates of occupational stress, anxiety, and depression were 42.69%, 44.25%, and 47.96%, respectively. Marital status was a necessary condition for occupational stress, anxiety, and depression in the grassroots CDC staff (the necessity values were 0.911, 0.939, and 0.933, respectively). There were two types of risk factor configurations for occupational stress: "self-improvement" and "disease burden"; the risk factor configurations for anxiety were "disease burden" and "economic-disease burden"; while the risk factor configurations for depression were "disease burden", "economic-disease burden", and "self-improvement". The overall consistency scores of occupational stress, anxiety, and depression were 0.941, 0.820, and 0.774, respectively. Regarding outstanding components, "self-improvement" included pressure of job requirements and promotion, "disease burden" included impact of chronic illness on psychological state, and "economic-disease burden" included not only impact of chronic illness but also financial support for CDC staff. Conclusion All positive rates of occupational stress, anxiety, and depression are high among grassroots CDC staff in Hebei Province. Occupational stress, anxiety, and depression of grassroots CDC staff are the results of multiple influencing factors, so targeted intervention measures should be formulated.

Research on the pathways of social responsibility of public hospitals based on qualitative comparative analysis / 中华医院管理杂志

Objective:To explore the influencing factors and pathways of social responsibility of public hospitals, and to provide a reference for public hospitals in China to further improve the social responsibility level.Methods:From 2019 to 2020, 22 tertiary public hospitals in a region were selected as study cases. The social responsibility score was used as the outcome variable, social benefit, appropriateness, quality, and efficiency were used as the conditional variables, and the qualitative comparative analysis was applied to investigate the combination of conditions affecting social responsibility evaluation of public hospitals.Results:The consistency of the social benefit, appropriateness, and quality was less than 0.9 and greater than 0.8, indicating that they were sufficient and non-necessary conditions for high social responsibility of public hospitals. The consistency of efficiency was 0.747, indicating that it was neither sufficient nor necessary condition. The configuration analysis showed that there were three paths for public hospitals to achieve high social responsibility: co-driven social benefit and appropriateness with high quality assistance, co-driven social benefit and efficiency with high quality assistance, and co-driven appropriateness and efficiency, with a coverage rate of 92.6%.Conclusions:Social benefit, appropriateness, quality, and efficiency can be combined in different ways to achieve high social responsibility in public hospitals. Public hospitals could develop targeted social responsibility improvement strategies according to the actual situation, and strengthen the synergy between the elements to improve the level of social responsibility in hospitals.

Comparative analysis of multiple models of electronic informed consent in clinical research / 中华医学科研管理杂志

Objective:To provide decision-making support for electronic informed consent selection and promotion in clinical research, and lay a possible theoretical foundation for better protection of subjects′ rights and interests, as well as promotion of clinical research quality and efficiency.Methods:This paper summarized the relevant laws and regulations of electronic informed consent, analyzed the advantages and challenges of the application of electronic informed consent in clinical research, sorted out several common electronic informed consent modes in domestic clinical research, explored their operational processes and applications, and discussed their advantages and limitations.Results:At present, three electronic informed consent modes were mainly used in domestic clinical studies. Each had their own advantages and limitations in terms of convenience of operation, data security, privacy protection of subjects, cost input, popularization degree and so on.Conclusions:Electronic informed consent needs continuing improvement of relevant laws and regulations and the joint efforts of all stakeholders engaged in clinical research. The sponsor and the researcher should take full consideration of the cost, safety, security, feasibility, and ofters, and make the selection according to the actual needs of the research.

Comparative analysis on occupational hazards of three welding operations / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective: To explore the occupational hazards caused by three kinds of welding operations, and to provide data support for individual protection. Methods: In October 2020, the welding fumes, metal elements and welding arc generated by three welding operations of argon gas shielded welding (JS80 welding wire) , manual welding (ZS60A welding rod) and carbon dioxide shielded welding (907A flux cored wire) were collected and measured in the welding laboratory. The samples were analyze and compare in the laboratory, and the differences of the occupational hazard factors of the three welding operations were judged. Results: The concentration of welding fume produced by carbon dioxide shielded welding, manual welding (ZS60A electrode) , and argon gas shielded welding (JS80 welding wires) were 6.80 mg/m(3), 6.17 mg/m(3), and 3.13 mg/m(3), respectively. The effective irradiance of the welding arc outside the welding mask from high to low is manual welding (ZS60A electrode) , carbon dioxide shielded welding (907A flux-cored welding wire) , and argon shielded welding (JS80 welding wire) , respectively 1 010.7, 740.9, 589.5 μW/cm(2). The long-wave ultraviolet UVA intensity generated by argon shielded welding (JS80 welding wire) is the largest, which is 1 500 μW/cm(2). The content of Mn in the three welding operations is the highest, and JS80 welding wire has the highest Mn content of 128493.2 mg/kg. 907A flux cored wire has the highest Ti content, which is 24355.5mg/kg. The electrode ZS60A has the highest Cu content, which is 24422.12 mg/kg. Conclusion: The intensity of occupational hazards is different in the three kinds of welding operations, so the methods of personal protective equipment, field exposure assessment and health monitoring should be more targeted.

Direito Penal e COVID-19 no espaço lusófono / Criminal Law and COVID-19 in the lusophone world / Derecho Penal y COVID-19 en el espacio lusofono

Objetivo: convocar as normas penais relevantes para o contexto pandémico dos ordenamentos jurídicos tomados como referência (Portugal, Brasil, Angola e Região Administrativa Especial de Macau) a fim de aferir das vantagens e desvantagens dos respetivos modelos. Metodologia: através de uma análise comparativa dos diferentes modelos, foi utilizado o método dedutivo para asserção da possível vantagem ou desvantagem, tendo em conta a função do Direito Penal. Resultados: as normas penais mais relevantes, em especial, o crime de desobediência, comum a todos os ordenamentos, acabam por assumir a natureza de normas penais em branco. Conclusão: tendo o contexto pandémico evidenciado a importância de uma efetiva tutela penal da saúde pública, a mesma deve ser feita através de um modelo que melhor cumpra a função de garantia do direito penal.

Objective: to identify the relevant criminal law norms for the pandemic context of the legal systems taken as reference (Portugal, Brazil, Angola and Macao Special Administrative Region) in order to assess the advantages and disadvantages of the respective models. Methods:through a comparative analysis of the different models, the deductive method was used to assert the possible advantage or disadvantage, taking into account the function of Criminal Law. Results: the most relevant criminal norms, in particular, the crime of disobedience, common to all ordinances, end up assuming the nature of blank criminal norms. Conclusion: having the pandemic context highlighted the importance of an effective criminal protection of public health, it should be done through a model that better fulfills the function of guarantee of criminal law.

Objetivo: identificar las leyes penales relevantes para el contexto pandémico de los sistemas jurídicos tomados como referencia (Portugal, Brasil, Angola y la Región Administrativa Especial de Macao) para evaluar las ventajas y desventajas de los respectivos modelos. Metodología: através de un análisis comparativo de los diferentes modelos, se utilizó e método deductivo para afirmar la posible ventaja o desventaja, teniendo en cuenta la función del derecho penal. Resultados: las normas penales más relevantes, en particular, el delito de desobediencia, común a todas las ordenanzas, acaban asumiendo la naturaleza de normas penales en blanco. Conclusión: habiendo evidenciado el contexto pandémico la importancia de una efectiva tutela penal de la salud pública, la misma debe hacerse a través de un modelo que cumpla mejor la función de garantía del derecho penal.

Estudio cadavérico de anteversión de cuello femoral en Población de Indonesia / Cadaveric Study Of Femoral Neck Anteversion In Indonesian Population

Objective: The normal morphology of femoral anteversion is an essential factor which determines the clinical results of hip replacement to achieve the normal activity and the length of the replaced joint. No previous study has been documented regarding normal value of femoral anteversion in Indonesian population and how they are different with Western, India and African population. This study aimed on measurement of normal femoral anteversion values of Indonesian population and compare it with existing data of Western, African and India values. Method: This cross-sectional study by measuring the femoral neck anteversion angle in 120 samples of Indonesians's cadaveric femur. Comparisons were made between Western, African and India. Result: The result showed that the average values of femoral neck anteversion angle in men were 11.60 ± 4.83 and 12.96 ± 5.1 in the right and left parts respectively, while in women, the results were 14.83+-5.14 and 13.37+-5.66 in right and left parts. The p value of ≤ 0.05 was considered to be significant. Conclusion: The mean femoral anteversion values of Indonesian population is 13.22. It is significantly different in comparison with Western, African, and Indian population.

How does a populist government interpret and face a health crisis? Evidence from the Mexican populist response to COVID-19 / Como um governo populista interpreta e enfrenta uma crise na área de saúde? Evidências provenientes da resposta populista mexicana à COVID-19 / ¿Cómo interpreta y enfrenta un gobierno populista una crisis de salud? Evidencia de la respuesta populista mexicana a la COVID-19

Abstract In 2020, governments were faced with addressing the health crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, without certainty about what would work best to reduce the health crisis without ruining the economy. Through all the uncertainty, national governments based their responses to COVID-19 on beliefs and political ideas, which was reflected on the diversity of the responses: liberal, authoritarian, centralized, decentralized, transparent, or opaque. In this article we focus on one of these responses, populism, and seek to understand how populist beliefs drive bureaucratic actions taken by a populist government to handle the health crisis. We conducted a comparative case study between the Mexican populist federal government and the non-populist Jalisco state government. Our findings suggest that the administrative actions chosen by the Mexican populist government were based on negative beliefs towards expert scientific knowledge from outside the government; a disinterest in searching for more information from distant or unfamiliar sources; and a strengthening of flagship programs as the main way to address the upcoming economic crisis. We also found that the Mexican government shows a peculiar manifestation of populism, which we refer as downsizing populism. Our article advances our understanding about how populism may affect the form and function of bureaucracies.

Resumo Em 2020, os governos foram confrontados com a necessidade de enfrentar a crise sanitária causada pela COVID-19, sem ter certeza sobre quais as melhores alternativas para lidar com a pandemia sem arruinar a economia. Em um marco de incerteza causada pelo novo vírus, os governos nacionais basearam suas respostas em crenças e ideias políticas, o que se refletiu na diversidade de respostas: liberais, autoritárias, centralizadas, descentralizadas, transparentes ou opacas. Nesse artigo, nos concentramos em um desses tipos de resposta, o populismo, e buscamos entender como as crenças populistas determinam as ações burocráticas adotadas por um governo para lidar com a crise sanitária. Com esse objetivo, fizemos um estudo de caso comparativo entre o governo federal mexicano (populista) e o governo do estado de Jalisco (não-populista). Nossos resultados sugerem que as ações administrativas adotadas pelo governo federal (populista) foram baseadas em crenças negativas com relação ao conhecimento científico especializado procedente de fora do governo; um desinteresse em buscar mais informações em fontes distantes ou pouco conhecidas; e o fortalecimento dos programas emblemáticos como a principal forma de enfrentar a crise econômica que se aproxima. Também descobrimos que o governo federal mexicano representa uma manifestação peculiar de populismo, que denominamos populismo downsizing (populismo que promove a redução do tamanho do estado). Nosso artigo permite avançar nosso entendimento sobre como o populismo pode afetar a forma e a função das burocracias.

Resumen En 2020, los gobiernos se enfrentaron a la necesidad de abordar la crisis de salud causada por la COVID-19, sin estar seguros de qué funcionaría mejor para abordar esta crisis de salud sin arruinar la economía. En un marco de incertidumbre provocado por el nuevo virus, los gobiernos nacionales basaron sus respuestas en creencias e ideas políticas, lo que se reflejó en la diversidad de respuestas: liberales, autoritarias, centralizadas, descentralizadas, transparentes o veladas. En este artículo, nos enfocamos en uno de esos tipos de respuestas, el populismo, y buscamos entender cómo las creencias populistas determinan las acciones burocráticas tomadas por un gobierno para enfrentar la crisis de salud. Para ello, realizamos un estudio de caso comparativo entre el gobierno federal mexicano (populista) y el gobierno del estado de Jalisco (no populista). Nuestros resultados sugieren que las acciones administrativas tomadas por el gobierno federal se basaron en creencias negativas con respecto al conocimiento científico especializado proveniente de fuera del gobierno; falta de interés en buscar más información de fuentes lejanas o poco conocidas; y el fortalecimiento de programas emblemáticos como principal forma de enfrentar la crisis económica que se avecina. También encontramos que el gobierno federal mexicano representa una manifestación peculiar del populismo, al que denominamos "populismo reductor" (populismo que promueve la reducción del tamaño del estado). Nuestro artículo nos permite avanzar en nuestra comprensión de cómo el populismo puede afectar la forma y función de las burocracias.

Research on the influencing factors of the organizational ability of medical ethics committee: a case study of tertiary hospitals in eastern China / 中华医院管理杂志

Objective:Given the indispensable role played by medical ethics committees in protecting the rights and interests of subjects and researchers, such committees in China are found with weak organizational capacity. This study was designed to analyze the driving factors to improve their organizational capacity.Methods:Form July to September 2020, a survey and interview of 71 tertiary A hospitals in eastern China were conducd, and a total 60 valid samples were obtained. Through crisp-se qualitative comparative analysis(csQCA), the medical ethics committees of 60 tertiary hospitals were analyzed, and the factors affecting the organizational capabilities of the medical ethics committees and their combinations were explored.Results:Protection of rights and interests was key to medical ethics committee′s organizational capacity, while incompetency of the members and the irregular review process were sufficient reasons for the weak organizational capacity. There were six combinations of sufficient conditions for the medical ethics committee to be strong in organizational capacities, which could be explained by the three models of member capacity-orientation, system-process-orientation, and resource-system-orientation.Conclusions:The medical ethics committees are recommended to enhance members capacity, enhance team building; complete rules and regulations, and process mechanism; clarify organization structure, and optimize resource matching, in an effort to enhance the organizational capacity of these committees in China.

Comparative analysis of the detection and control standards for quinolone residues in animal-derived foods and supervision among multiple regulatory sectors / 上海预防医学

In order to compare the standards for quinolone residues in animal-derived food in China and supervision among multiple regulatory sectors， we summarized and compared the current standards for the limits of quinolone residues in animal-derived food in China and sampling examination strategy among regulatory sectors. There were defects in the standard limits of lomefloxacin， pefloxacin， ofloxacin， and norfloxacin which have been banned by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs. In addition， the determination limits of those indexes in the supervision remain inconsistent across multiple regulatory sectors. Multiple regulatory sectors on food safety should perform further risk assessment on the above problems and formulate the standards for the limits of quinolone residues in animal-derived food that may be applicable in China.

Agenda feminista e serviços de cuidado infantil: brasil, argentina e uruguai / Agenda féministe et politiques de garde d´enfants: brésil, argentine et uruguay / Agenda feminista y servicios de cuidado infantil: brasil, argentina y uruguay / Feminist agenda and child care services: brazil, argentina and uruguay

Resumo Neste artigo, investigamos o nível de aderência dos serviços de cuidado de crianças de zero a três anos à agenda feminista de políticas públicas. Para isso, realizamos um estudo de casos qualitativo de três países latino-americanos (Brasil, Argentina e Uruguai), durante o "giro à esquerda". Analisando três indicadores parametrizados (elegibilidade, cobertura e tipo de jornada), identificamos avanços maiores no Uruguai, mais restritos na Argentina e intermediários no Brasil. A variação positiva foi maior para elegibilidade e cobertura, do que para tipo de jornada. Concluímos que essa assimetria na variação dos indicadores sugere que os avanços decorrem principalmente do reconhecimento dos direitos das crianças à educação, e, secundariamente, do compromisso com a igualdade de gênero.

Résumé Cet article examine le niveau d'adhésion à l'agenda féministe des politiques publiques concernant les services de garde d'enfants de zéro à trois ans. A ce fin, nous avons mené une étude de cas qualitative dans trois pays d'Amérique latine (Brésil, Argentine et Uruguay) à l'époque de leur "tournant à gauche". En analysant trois indicateurs paramétrés (éligibilité), couverture et modalités d'accueil), nous avons constaté que les progrès les plus importants concernaient l'Uruguay et les moindres l'Argentine alors qu'au Brésil ils étaient. La variation positive était plus significative. Pour l'égibilité et la couverture que pour les modalités d'accueil. Nous avons conclu que cette asymétrie dans la variation des indicateurs suggère que les progrès découlent plutôt de la reconnaissance des droits de l'enfant à l'éducation, et, secondairement, de l'engagement en faveur de l'égalité de genre.

Resumen En este artículo, investigamos el nivel de adhesión de los servicios de cuidado infantil (cero a tres años) a la agenda feminista de políticas públicas. Para esto, realizamos un estudio de casos cualitativo de tres países latinoamericanos (Brasil, Argentina y Uruguay), durante el "giro a la izquierda". Analizando tres indicadores parametrizados (elegibilidad, cobertura y tipo de jornada), logramos encontrar avances mayores en Uruguay, más restrictos en Argentina e intermedios en Brasil. Además, los resultados fueron más positivos para a elegibilidad y cobertura que para el tipo de jornada. Concluimos que esa diferencia apunta que los avances que ocurrieron están, primero, relacionados al reconocimiento de los derechos de la infancia y, secundariamente, al compromiso con la igualdad de género.

Abstract In this article, we investigate the level of adherence of childcare services (zero to three years of age) to the feminist public policy agenda. To do so, we conducted a qualitative case study of three Latin American countries (Brazil, Argentina, and Uruguay), during the "left turn". Analyzing three parameterized indicators (eligibility, coverage, and type of school day), we identified greater progress in Uruguay, more restricted in Argentina and intermediate in Brazil. The positive variation was greater for eligibility and coverage, than for type of school day. We concluded that the results are related with the recognition of the right to childhood, firstly, and with commitment to gender equality, secondly.

Análisis comparativo del contenido que conforma el conocimiento de la gestión deportiva: instantánea en Cataluña / Comparative analysis of the content that conforms the knowledge of sports management: snapshot in Catalonia / Análise comparativa do conteúdo que conforme o conhecimento da gestão desportiva: instantâneo na Catalunha

La gestión deportiva evoluciona desde una gran cantidad de ámbitos. Conocer los contenidos que se desarrollan desde las dimensiones que dan fuerza al cuerpo de conocimiento de una disciplina permite identificar las diferencias entre ellas, así como las lagunas existentes. Desde esta perspectiva, el objetivo del estudio fue analizar los contenidos que se generan desde dimensiones como la formación, los congresos, la literatura científica y la divulgativa. Se realizó el análisis de los datos obtenidos en las páginas web identificándose 721 indicadores que atendieron a los criterios establecidos. Las áreas de contenido con mayor representatividad fueron operaciones, marketing y comunicación y deporte. Además, identificar las diferencias entre dimensiones permitió un análisis en mayor profundidad. Finalmente, se realizó una propuesta de diseño de investigación, incorporando dimensiones y métodos de investigación, brindando la oportunidad de continuar la línea aquí iniciada que permita una mayor aproximación al contexto real de la gestión deportiva.

Sports management evolves from a large number of areas. Knowing the contents that develop from the dimensions that give strength to the body of knowledge of a discipline allows to identify the differences between them, as well as the existing gaps. From this perspective, the objective of this study was to analyze the contents that are generated from dimensions such as training, congresses, scientific literature and informative. The analysis of the data obtained in the websites was carried out identifying 721 indicators that met the established criteria. The most representative areas of content were operations, marketing and communication and sports. In addition, identifying the differences between dimensions allowed an analysis in greater depth. Finally, a research design proposal was made, incorporating dimensions and research methods, providing the opportunity to continue the line started here that allows a closer approximation to the real context of sports management

O gerenciamento esportivo evolui de um grande número de áreas. Conhecer os conteúdos que se desenvolvem a partir das dimensões que dão força ao corpo de conhecimento de uma disciplina permite identificar as diferenças entre elas, bem como as lacunas existentes. Nessa perspectiva, o objetivo do estudo foi analisar os conteúdos gerados a partir de dimensões como treinamento, congressos, literatura científica e informativa. A análise dos dados obtidos nas páginas da web foi realizada, identificando 721 indicadores que atendiam aos critérios estabelecidos. As áreas mais representativas de conteúdo foram operações, marketing e comunicação e desportes. Além disso, identificar as diferenças entre as dimensões permitiu uma análise em maior profundidade. Por fim, foi elaborada uma proposta de projeto de pesquisa, incorporando dimensões e métodos de pesquisa, proporcionando a oportunidade de continuar a linha iniciada aqui que permite uma aproximação mais próxima ao contexto real da gestão esportiva

Thrombin generation and thromboelastometry tests in dogs with chronic kidney disease / Testes de geração de trombina e tromboelastometria em cães com doença renal crônica

Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have paradoxical hemostatic potential because they have bleeding episodes but are also prone to thrombosis. Few studies have evaluated blood viscoelastic properties in dogs with kidney disease; on the other hand, hypercoagulability has been observed in these patients. It is also emphasized that the platelet function and its participation in this process have not yet been fully understood. The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the Thrombin Generation Test (TGT) and also viscoelastic properties of the blood measured by thromboelastometry (TEM) in dogs with proteinuria in CKD. Twenty healthy dogs (Control Group) and 19 dogs with CKD in stage III or IV, classified according to International Renal Interest Society - IRIS, were selected, and the reference test of urine protein:creatinine ratio (UPCR) should be greater than one (CKD group). Blood samples for TEM, thrombin generation, Prothrombin Time (PT), activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (aPTT), and fibrinogen concentration was collected at a single time for both groups after inclusion criteria being confirmed. Statistical analysis was performed according to the distribution of variables at 5% significance level. Differences were observed between healthy dogs and those with proteinuria in CKD noted in TEM. The TGT was unable to differentiate between sick and healthy groups. However, when the nephropathy was stratified, increases in TTP and peak thrombin concentration by TGT were observed in females and dogs over 30 days of diagnosis of CKD. Both tests signaled a discrete state of hypercoagulability. In fact, TEM is more sensitive to detect hypercoagulability in dogs with CKD. However, the TGT has potential clinical application by allowing long-term sample storage.(AU)

Os pacientes com doença renal crônica (DRC) apresentam um potencial hemostático paradoxal, pois apresentam episódios de sangramento, mas também são propensos à trombose. Poucos estudos avaliaram as propriedades viscoelásticas sanguíneas em cães com doenças renais, entretanto, a hipercoagulabilidade já foi observada nestes pacientes. Ressalta-se ainda que a função plaquetária e sua participação neste processo ainda não foram totalmente esclarecidas. O objetivo foi avaliar e comparar o teste de geração de trombina (TGT) e as propriedades viscoelásticas sanguíneas medidas pela tromboelastometria (TEM) em cães com DRC proteinúrica. Foram selecionados 20 cães saudáveis (grupo controle) e 19 cães com DRC em estágios III ou IV classificados segundo o IRIS e a relação proteína/creatinina urinária maior que um (grupo DRC). As amostras de sangue para a realização da tromboelastometria (TEM), geração de trombina, tempo de protrombina (TP), tempo de tromboplastina parcial ativada (TTPA) e concentração de fibrinogênio foram colhidas em momento único para ambos os grupos após os critérios de inclusão confirmados. A análise estatística foi realizada de acordo com a distribuição das variáveis, ao nível de 5% de significância. Foi observada diferença entre os cães saudáveis e os com DRC proteinúrica observados na TEM. O teste de geração de trombina não foi capaz de diferenciar os grupos doente e saudável. Entretanto, quando os nefropatas foram analisados de forma estratificada, foram observados aumentos do ETP e da concentração máxima de trombina (peak) pelo TGT em fêmeas e em cães com mais de 30 dias de diagnóstico da DRC. Ambos os testes sinalizando para um discreto estado de hipercoagulabiliade. A tromboelastometria é mais sensível para detectar a hipercoagulabilidade em cães com DRC. Entretanto, o teste de geração de trombina tem melhor aplicabilidade por permitir o armazenamento da amostra em longo prazo.(AU)

Comparative analysis of the efficacy and toxicity between WT-2016 and NWTS-5 chemotherapy in the treatment of children with Wilms tumor / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

Objective To analyze the efficacy and toxicity of WT-2016 regimen by comparing the clinical effects between WT-2016 and NWTS-5 chemotherapy regimens in treating children with Wlims tumor(WT). Methods We reviewed clinical data of children with WT initially treated in Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from January 2014 to February 2019. The staging and classification was determined according to the NWTS standards. The chemotherapy regimen was chosen between WT-2016 or NWTS-5 program. Event free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) curves were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared using the log-rank test. The relapse rate, myelosuppression rate, sepsis rate, and the incidence of pulmonary infection or abnormal liver function were compared using chi-square test. Results Of 116 children, 40 patients were treated with chemotherapy regimen WT-2016 and 76 were treated with chemotherapy regimen NWTS-5. The follow-up duration was 10.8 months (range from 5.8 to 26.6 months) and 39.2 months (range from 4.5 to 66.5 months), respectively. Two-year OS estimate was 86.6% and 88.1% (P=0.64), respectively; two-year EFS estimate was 80.0% and 74.9% (P=0.90), respectively. Overall relapse rate was 7.5% and 25.0% (P=0.02), respectively. The grade myelosuppression rate was 42.5% and 19.7% (P=0.01), respectively. Moreover, the relapse rate in children with low-stage tumors was 7.7% and 16.2% (P=0.77), respectively, and that in high-stage tumors was 7.4% and 33.3% (P=0.03), respectively. The relapse rate in children with non-anaplastic tumors was 9.1% and 22.6% (P=0.18), respectively; that in anaplastic tumors was 0% and 35.7% (P=0.12), respectively. The grade myelosuppression rate in children with low-stage tumors was 23.1% and 0% (P=0.01), respectively; that in high-stage tumors was 51.9% and 38.5% (P=0.28), respectively. The grade myelosuppression rate in children with non-anaplastic tumors was 30.3% and 19.4% (P=0.35), respectively; that in anaplastic tumors was 100% and 21.4% (P<0.01), respectively. In addition, there was no significant difference in the incidence of sepsis, pulmonary infection or abnormal liver function. Conclusion WT-2016 chemotherapy regimen is associated with significantly decreased relapse rate and increased incidence of myelosuppression in children with WT campared with NWTS-S regimen.

Comparative Analysis of Test and Retest Contents between the Management of Drug Quality Sampling and Testing and the Regulation of Drug Quality Sampling and Testing / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE：To provide re ference for the relevant personnel of drug quality sampling and testing to understand and implement the new requirements in the Management of Drug Quality Sampling and Testing . METHODS ：The test and retest requirements were compared between the Management of Drug Quality Sampling and Testing and the Regulation of Drug Quality Sampling and Testing. The revised and newly added contents were analyzed ，and the recommendations for implementation were put forward. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS ：Referring to drug regulation need ，related requirements of test and retest in the Management of Drug Quality Sampling and Testing were modified and supplemented on the basis of the Regulation of Drug Quality Sampling and Testing . In the requirements for test ，the requirements for test items were revised ，the requirements for test time limit were confirmed ，the requirements for test report ，original record and quality management system ，the definition of “serious risk ” and its reporting requirements were added newly. The requirements for exploratory research were put forward for test institutions， as well as new requirements for test institutions and inspectors ’behaviors. In the requirements for retest ，the materials to be submitted for retest were revised ，and the identity certificate of the manager and time limit certificate were added ；the situation of no-retest were revised ，and the treatment method were added when obviously visible foreign matters were detected ；transfer requirements for retest report were added newly. It is suggested that the relevant personnel should pay more attention to the above changes，strengthen the construction of test capacity a nd the management of tes t time and quality ，attach importance to serious quality risks ，actively carry out exploratory research ，and mind their own test behaviors ；strictly review retest materials ， pay attention to the newly revised no-test and comprehensively transfer the retest report according to the requir ements and actual situation ，conduct and implement the Management of Drug Quality Sampling and Testing actively.

A qualitative comparative analysis of healthcare Supply–Demand side barriers under the publicly funded health insurance scheme in India

Background: India recently launched Ayushman Bharat – National Health Protection Mission – an upgraded version of Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojna (RSBY), which is projected as world's largest public insurance scheme by numbers. The new scheme can certainly draw learning from the former (RSBY) to ensure better reach and success. RSBY has been extensively analyzed for supply-side barriers but sparsely for demand and supply-side barriers simultaneously. Objectives: Through this study, authors intend to determine causality as well as configurations (pathways) of demand and supply barriers that make beneficiary vulnerable even under the scheme. The study explores the interaction of barriers that lead to patient dis/satisfaction, overcharging for a medical procedure and high disease severity among beneficiaries. Methods: The study uses RSBY insurance claim records from 2013 to 2015 backed up by posthospitalization survey of the state of Chhattisgarh, India. It employs a fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis to determine causality and configuration (path-way) of parameters leading to the outcome. Results: Provision of medicine emerges as a necessary condition for patient satisfaction. Waiting time did not appear as a necessary parameter of satisfaction. Overcharging the cashless card in case of minor surgical procedures is observed irrespective of beneficiaries' education and occupation status. Urban male and rural female appear to bear high disease severity. Conclusions: Results have implication for policymakers and implementors to recognize the segment that remains vulnerable under the scheme and gain insights on the parameters of patient satisfaction.

Comparison of efficacy of buccal versus vaginal misoprostol in first trimester induced abortion

Background: To compare the effectiveness, side effects, and patient satisfaction of buccal versus vaginal misoprostol administration in first trimester abortions.Methods: Women opting for first trimester abortion received oral Mifepristone followed 48 hours latermisoprostol. Group A received Misoprostol via buccal route whereas group B received Misoprostol vaginally. A comparative analysis using SPSS was done.Results: Giving 800µg Misoprostol by either buccal or vaginal route after oral Mifepristone have comparable efficacy in terms of complete abortion rate (96% in buccal group versus 98% in vaginal group; p value = 0.495), failure rate being statistically similar (4% versus 2%). Drug abortion interval was comparable in the two groups. (11.16 hour in buccal group and 12.32 hours in vaginal group). Few side effects like nausea and vomiting, shivering, diarrohea was significantly higher with vaginal Misoprostol while abdominal cramps, altered taste were found more with the buccal group.Conclusions: Buccal Misoprostol is comfortable and easier to administer when compared to other routes and it has potential to be developed as a self-administered regimen. Buccal Misoprostol is as efficacious as vaginal Misoprostol with significantly lesser side effects up to 7 weeks of period of gestation.

Current Status of Orphan Drugs in China and Comparative Analysis with Foreign Countries / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To explore the suggestions for the development of orphan drugs in China through comparative analysis of the status of orphan drugs in China and international developed countries or regions. METHODS: Based on “the first list of rare diseases” developed by the National Health Commission of the People′s Republic of China and other four departments,the accessibility of orphan drugs in China and abroad was compared. RESULTS: Until the end of 2017,the orphan drugs in China accounted for 38.33% of the 480 orphan drugs approved in the US, and 29.57% of the 115 orphan drugs approved in the EU. From the “the first list of rare diseases”, there are 60 orphan drugs for 36 diseases in the US and 27 orphan drugs for 18 diseases in the EU, and the orphan drugs approved in China accounted for 43.33% and 29.63, respectively. The 51.85% of the orphan drugs approved in China for the rare diseases of “the first list of rare diseases” are completely dependent on imports. CONCLUSION: There are still gaps of orphan drugs for “the first list of rare diseases”between China and the international developed countries or regions. Thus, it is urgent to promote legislation to speed up the research and limitation of orphan drugs in order to improve the development of orphan drugs in China.

Comparison of human body surface area calculation formulas with three-dimensional anthropometry / 解剖学报

Objective To observe the difference of the human body surface area (BSA) formula based on three-dimensional measurement in practical application. Methods The data of 1249 college students (639 males, 610 females) from physical health examination in 2018 were selected. Using the one-way factorial analysis of variance (ANOVA), correlation analysis and Bland-Altman comparative analysis, comparisons between the BSA values using four BSA calculation formulas based on three-dimensional measurement and with the traditional formula measurement by Yongmei Hu's were made as well. Results There were significant statistical differenes between the BSA values of the formulas (P 0. 985) were also rather high. Results from Hu Yong-mei's formula were higher than the other four 3D formulas in both genders, with the BSA of males 7. 32%-12. 11% higher than the mean while female BSA values were 5. 53%-11.72% above the average. It has been shown from the Bland-Altman analysis that the formula from ChiYuang Yu had the highest consistency score (95 % CI 1.021-1.034) among the selected four 3D measurement formulas. Conclusion Within the four BSA formulas based on 3D measurement principle, ChiYuang Yu's formula is relatively more suitable to estimate the BSA values of both Chinese males and females.

Analysis on social security of pneumoconiosis patients in two areas of Chongqing from 2006 to 2018 / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective@#To investigate the current status of social security among pneumoconiosis patients from two areas of Chongqing, China with different economic levels from 2006 to 2018, and to provide a reference for the development of security policy for pneumoconiosis patients.@*Methods@#The current status of social security was analyzed for pneumoconiosis patients from A and B counties of Chongqing who were diagnosed from 2006 to 2018, and a comparative analysis was performed.@*Results@#From 2006 to 2017, there was a significant increase in the number of newly diagnosed pneumoconiosis patients in A county, while the number of newly diagnosed pneumoconiosis patients remained relatively stable in B county. As of May 2018, there were 5738 pneumoconiosis patients in A county and 4155 pneumoconiosis patients in B county. Among the 5738 pneumoconiosis patients in A county, 5335 (93%) had employers, and among these patients, 2729 (47.6%) received one-time compensation from occupational injury insurance, and currently 1884 (32.8%) were covered by the insurance. Among the 4155 pneumoconiosis patients in B county, 2482 (59.7%) received one-time compensation from occupational injury insurance, and currently 3062 (73.7%) were covered by the insurance. The social security rate of pneumoconiosis patients was 71.0% in A county and 81.4% in B county, and there was a significant difference in the distribution of social security among pneumoconiosis patients between the two counties (χ2=4704.9, P<0.01) .@*Conclusion@#Strict implementation of social security policies for pneumoconiosis patients by local governments is the key to solving social assistance for pneumoconiosis patients and improving their quality of life and social security level.